副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词,有时亦可修饰数词、介词、连词和整个句子,用以说明地点、时间、程度或方式等概念。
1.副词的分类
(1)时间副词:now,early,soon,then,recently,nowadays,still,today,yesterday,tomorrow,already,immediately,just,first,next,later,before,finally等。
(2)地点副词:here,there,upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,anywhere,above,back,upwards,nearby,outside,off,abroad,home等。
(3)方式副词(大部分方式副词由形容词+ly构成):well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly,angrily,warmly,suddenly,really,excitedly,hard,well,calmly,patiently,politely,proudly,properly,quickly,rapidly,successfully,willingly等。
(4)程度副词:a bit,very,quite,rather,just,much,still,almost,nearly,fairly,deeply,enough等。
(5)频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,once,occasionally等。
2.副词的用法
(1)副词作状语。如:
He usually gets up at 6∶30.他通常六点半起床。(副词修饰动词)
The doctor offered a very careful answer.医生给出了详细的解释。(副词修饰形容词)
The little girl draws quite well.小姑娘画得很好。(副词修饰副词)
Almost one thousand people have been killed in the massive earthquake.
近一千人在大地震中身亡。(副词修饰数词)
(2)副词作表语。如:
Time is up.时间到了。
What's on at the Center Theater this evening?今晚中心剧场上映什么?
Her husband has been away from home for decades.她的丈夫已经离家几十年了。
(3)副词作定语。如:
The neighbors here are very friendly to newcomers.这里的邻居对新来的人很友好。
Those buildings around have been rebuilt for several years.
周围的那些建筑物已经重建好几年了。
(4)副词作宾语补足语。如:
Let those athletes out.让那些运动员出去。
My colleague saw me off at the airport yesterday.我的同事昨天在机场为我送行。
(5)副词作介词宾语。如:
He looks tired for just coming back from abroad.因为刚从国外回来他看起来很疲倦。
3.副词在句中的位置
(1)副词修饰名词时,置于被修饰的名词之后。如:
The senior citizens there are from USA.那里的老年人来自美国。
(2)副词修饰动词时,通常需后置。如:
Internet appears everywhere in modern society.因特网在现代社会中无处不在。
☆注意:频度副词通常放在行为动词前,置于系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。如:
I usually walk to school so as to lose weight.我通常步行去学校,是为了减肥。
I seldom borrow books from the central library.我很少在中心图书馆借书。
He has never been late for school.他上学从不迟到。
(3)副词修饰形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词时,应置于被修饰的词之前。如:
very beautiful very hard very exciting deeply moved
(enough作副词修饰形容词和副词时,置于被修饰的词之后。如rich enough)
(4)表示方式的副词修饰不及物动词时,置于被修饰的动词之后。如:
He works hard.他努力地工作。
He walked quietly in case he woke up the baby.他脚步轻轻,以免吵醒婴儿。
☆注意:当表示方式的副词修饰及物动词时,置于被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后,宾语较长的,也可以放在动词和宾语之间。如:
He speaks Chinese fluently.他中文讲得很流利。
He altered carefully some clothes for his new client yesterday.
他昨天认真地给新客户修改了一些衣服。
(5)表示确定时间的副词、表示地点的副词和一些方式副词一般放在句末。若句末同时出现以上几个副词,排列顺序为:方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。如:
He went to the Summer Palace yesterday.他昨天去了颐和园。
He closed the window quietly.他轻轻地关上了窗户。(www.zuozong.com)
She did her work smoothly there yesterday.昨天她在那里干得很顺利。
(6)表示疑问的副词置于句首。如:
Where is my wallet?我的钱包在哪里?
4.易混副词
(1)以下副词意思并不完全相同
close接近 closely仔细地
deep深深地 deeply深深地(表抽象意义)
hard努力地 hardly几乎不
free免费地,自由地 freely无拘无束地
just正好,恰好 justly公正、公平地
late迟到 lately最近
most几乎,最 mostly主要地
near不久,很快 nearly差不多
wide充分地 widely广泛地
(2)ago与before
ago不能单独使用,需搭配过去时态使用。before可单独使用,和一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时均可搭配使用。如:
Three years ago,he lost his memory in a terrible fever.
他在三年前的一场高烧中失去了记忆。
I have never seen such an amazing movie before.我此前从没看过这么精彩的电影。
(3)so与such
so修饰副词或形容词,such修饰名词。意思都是“如此,这样”。如:
He is so smart.他非常聪 明。
He is such a genius.他是这样一个天才。
He did his job so well that his boss praised him again and again.
他工作做得很好,老板一再表扬他。
He was in such a hurry that he lost his passport in his apartment.
他非常匆忙,以致把护照落在了公寓里。
(4)just与just now
just与现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时连用;just now与过去时连用。如:
I have just told you my name.我刚告诉了你我的名字。
We have just seen the new action film.我们刚看了那部新的动作电影。
He was here just now.他刚刚在这儿。
(5)already,still,yet
already用于肯定句,意为“已经”;still用于肯定句,意为“仍然”;yet在否定句中意为“还”,在疑问句中意为“已经”。如:
I have already studied English for decades.我已经学习英语几十年了。
He is still in the prison.他仍然在监狱里。
(6)too,also,either
too和also均用于肯定句,意为“也”。但also比too更正式,通常置于行为动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词之后。either用于否定句,意为“也”。如:
He likes pop music.I like it too.他喜欢流行音乐,我也喜欢。
We also want to go to the remote rural area to help the poor.
我们也想去偏远农村地区帮助贫穷的人们。
If Mary does not go to the picnic,I will not go,either.如果玛丽不去野餐,我也不去。
(7)how soon,how often,how long
how soon是对“in+一段时间”提问;how often是对频度状语提问;how long是对“for+一段时间”提问。如:
(8)too...to...与enough...to...
too...to...意为“太……以至于不能……”,在大多数情况下表示否定意义;enough...to...意为“足够……以至于能……”。如:
This child is too young to go to school.这个孩子太小了,还不能去上学。
My elder brother is old enough to join the army.我的哥哥足够参军的年龄了。
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