首页 理论教育 塔里木河弯曲河段维持蜿蜒的必要条件(摘要)

塔里木河弯曲河段维持蜿蜒的必要条件(摘要)

时间:2023-06-20 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:本文利用遥感影像、水沙数据和野外考察取样,分析径流、输沙和滨河植被在维持塔里木河中下游弯曲河型中的作用。结合辫状和弯曲河型的形态特征,对塔里木河干流进行实地考察,并综合前人对河型划分的研究结果,确定了塔里木河干流辫状-弯曲过渡段的上、下分界点位置。

塔里木河弯曲河段维持蜿蜒的必要条件(摘要)

杨涵苑1,2,李志威1,2

(1.长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114;2.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410114)

【摘 要】 塔里木河上游为辫状河道,但其中下游发育为弯曲河道,其两种河型的沿程转化及维持河道蜿蜒的必要条件是一个尚待解决的问题。本文利用遥感影像、水沙数据和野外考察取样,分析径流、输沙和滨河植被在维持塔里木河中下游弯曲河型中的作用。结合辫状和弯曲河型的形态特征,对塔里木河干流进行实地考察,并综合前人对河型划分的研究结果,确定了塔里木河干流辫状-弯曲过渡段的上、下分界点位置。上分界点为40°59′13.04″N,82°30′39.92″E;下分界点为40°56′14.95″N,82°58′21.37″E,过渡段全长为69.1km。建立阿拉尔、新渠满和英巴扎的水沙数据与沿程河长的线性关系,得到辫状-弯曲过渡段的临界流量和临界输沙率的范围分别为:277.11~544.21m3/s和508.07~572.28kg/s。由于该过渡段与弯曲河段的上段衔接,故可视为维持下游弯曲河型的临界水沙条件。2016年5月和12月对塔里木河弯曲河段的滨河植被根系进行取样测量,运用BSTEM模型,通过输入河岸轮廓参数、土体组成物质、根系抗拉强度、直径和分布数量等数据,计算植被根系对河岸提供的附加黏聚力以及河岸稳定性系数,结果表明:无植被覆盖时河岸处于不稳定状态,有植被覆盖条件下河岸的安全系数大大提高,说明滨河植被是维持塔里木河下游的弯曲河道的必要条件之一。

【关键词】 塔里木河;弯曲河段;径流量;输沙量;滨河植被;必要条件

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41571009;91547112);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题基金资助(2017005)。

作者简介:杨涵苑(1995— ),男,湖南浏阳人,硕士,主要从事河流动力学研究。

E-mail:772302855@qq.cm(www.zuozong.com)

Threshold Conditions of Sustaining Meandering Channel Reach in the Tarim River

YANG Hanyuan1,2,LI Zhiwei1,2

(1.School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha Hunan Province 410114;2.Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha Hunan Province 410114)

Abstract:The upper reach of the Tarim River is braided channel,butin the middle and lower reach developsinto a meandering channel,where the transformation of braided-meandering along the Tarim River and its threshold condition sustaining meandering remain unclear so far.Using remote sensing images,hydrological data,and field measurements,we analyze effects of runoff,sediment load,and riparian vegetation on sustaining the meandering reach.Identifying morphological discrepanciesbetween braided and meandering reach,the upper and lower boundary locations of braided-meandering transition section are determined.The linear relations between hydrological data(runoff and sediment load)and the channel length in Alar,Xinquman,and Yinbazha are assumed to obtain the threshold range of runoff and sediment transport rate.Root sampling and measurements along the meandering reach in May and December 2016 were conducted to obtain available parameters for running the BASTEM.Additional cohesive force of vegetation roots and the safety factors of river bank are used to explain that riparian vegetation is a prerequisite for sustaining meandering reach.

Key words:Tarim River;Meandering Channel Reach;Runoff;Sediment Load;Riparian Vegetation;Threshold Condition

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