美国外语院系协会关于教学、评估和学术研究好的做法声明

附录6　美国外语院系协会关于教学、评估和学术研究好的做法的声明（节选）^[1]

ADFL Statement of Good Practice:Teaching,Evaluation and Scholarship（excerpt）

对好的教学的界定（DefiningGoodTeaching）

1.好的教学始于富有想象力的、认真的课程设计以及维持和发展学科领域及教学方法技能而不断地努力。（Good teaching begins with imaginative,conscientious course design and ongoing efforts to maintain and develop subject-area and methodological expertise.）

2.一位好的教师认识到既可以通过听力及阅读真实文本学习外语,也可以通过口头或笔头与他人交流而学习外语。无论是接受性技能,还是产出性技能都需要使用外语进行大量的练习,包括那些集中于文学和文化内容的课程。（A good teacher recognizes that students learn by hearing the foreign language spoken well and by reading authentic texts,as well as by communicating with others in the foreign language,both orally and in writing.Practice in using the productive and receptive skills should be an integral part of ev-ery course taught in a foreign language,including those that focus on literature or culture.）

3.一位好的教师认识到学生可以通过解释、综合和评价他们所读的和听到的信息学习外语,因此,一个好的教师努力做到对学生的观点做出经常性和具有建设性的反馈。（A good teacher recognizes that students learn by interpreting,synthesizing,and evaluating what they hear and read；consequently,agood teacher endeavors to respond to students’ideas frequently and constructively.）

4.一位好的教师尊重学生并建立一种鼓励学生用外语交流的课堂环境。（A good teacher respects students and establishes a class-room environment in which students are encouraged to communicate in the foreign language.）

5.一位好的教师认真履行职业责任,有固定的办公时间,并能及时反馈书面作业和考试情况。（A good teacher meets professional obligations conscientiously by holding regular office hours and re-turning written assignments and exams promptly.）

6.一位好的教师能认识到有价值的学习既可以是在课堂内也可以在课堂外进行,因此,教师会鼓励学生组织会议、同伴学习小组或辅导小组的形式学习外语以及进行经常性的外语练习。（Recogniz-ing that valuable learning occurs both inside and outside the class-room,agood teacher encourages student conferences,peer study groups or tutoring,and regular practice of the foreign language.）

7.教师的合作能够有效地提高教学,确保每一节课堂讲授是和外语系、人文学科甚至整个大学的其他课堂具有关联性。（Good teaching is enhanced when faculty members work cooperatively to ensure that instruction in every classroom is related to that in other classes in the department,in the humanities,or across the universi-ty.）

8.教师的产出是质性的,不能只还原成所教授学生的学时的测量。（The productivity of a teacher is qualitative；it cannot be re-duced to such quantitative measures as student credit hours.）(www.zuozong.com)

9.好的教学是紧张的、富有挑战性的和费时的。对教学的奖励不是获得更多的教学。好的教学应通过一段时期较少的教学甚至是不教学得到补偿、鼓励和提高。（Good teaching is intense,deman-ding,and time-consuming.Honoring teaching does not mean assig-ning more of it.Good teaching may logically be rewarded,encour-aged,and enhanced by periods of less teaching and no teaching.）

融合教学和学术研究（Integrating　Teaching　and　Scholarship）

1.给予教师一定的时间进行学术工作,教师应该对被给予的学术研究时间负责。任何高校在聘任教师时不能承诺他们可以不进行课堂教学工作。（Released time for scholarly work should be sup-ported,and faculty members should be held accountable for such released time.An institution should not,however,recruit faculty members by promising to keep them out of the classroom.）

2.教师应该被允许甚至被鼓励在整个职业生涯中转换他们学术活动的研究重点,外语院系应该能够承认教师学术研究方向对个人及整个院系的价值。（Faculty members should be allowed and even encouraged to shift the emphasis of their activities over the course of their careers.Departments should recognize the value to the indi-vidual and to the institution of changes in the focus of a faculty member’s work.）

3.外语院系应该能够认识到许多不同教师进行广泛的学术研究活动的价值。（Departments should recognize the value of having a diverse faculty practicing a range of scholarly activities.）

4.应该广泛地界定学术研究,学术研究不应该仅限于学术书籍和文章,对学术活动应该根据本院的情况而进行不同的界定,包括会议文章、开发教学材料和电脑软件,评估他人的学术著作以及其他形式的著作文章,这些活动应该根据经过深思熟虑而得出的标准进行评估。（Scholarship should be defined broadly and not be limited to the academic book or article.Local definitions of scholarly activity will vary and may include the presentation of papers,the develop-ment of instructional materials and computer software,reviews of others’scholarly work,and other forms of writing.These activities should be evaluated according to well-thought-out standards.）

5.对教学的学术研究——教学方法、教学评估程序以及改进教学的方法应该和传统形式的学术研究进行同等的评价。（Scholar-ship on teaching—its methods,assessment procedures,and ways to improve it—should be valued on a par with traditional forms of scholarship.）

【注释】

[1]ADFL ADFL Statement of Good Practice:Teaching,Evaluation,and Scholar-ship［EB/OL］http://www.adfl.org/resources/resources_practice.htm.