（意大利）兰博基尼Lamborghini

品牌名片

品　　类：车

标志风格：彪悍、狂野

创 始 人：费鲁基欧·兰博基尼（Ferruccio Lamborghini）

诞 生 地：意大利

诞生时间：1963年

兰博基尼的标志是一头充满力量、正向对方攻击的斗牛，这与兰博基尼大马力高速跑车的特性相吻合，据说这一标志也体现了创始人兰博基尼斗牛般不甘示弱的脾性。

品牌阅读

The history of Lamborghini Automobili offi cially started in 1963.Its founder was Ferruccio Lamborghini.Born in 1916, this capable, impetuous, strong-willed Taurus was the leading character in the foundation of the company and the early phases of its extraordinary history.

1963-1964

By the time he decided to build a factory of luxury sports cars, Ferruccio was already a very wealthy man.In the period following World War II, he founded his tractor factory, which he launched with energy and determination, creating a major point of reference in this industry.Other businesses followed, and he amassed his fortune at the perfect time, before his fiftieth birthday.By the early Sixties, Lamborghini was a powerful and successful man who knew exactly what he wanted, but when he said he would build a super sports car to compete with Ferrari, many people thought he was mad.Constructing that kind of car was viewed as an unexplainable extravagance, a hazardous leap in the dark, and something that would squander his fortune without ever turning a profit.

He started working on this project in late 1962, and by May 1963 he had already founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini, buying a large plot of land in Sant'Agata Bolognese, about 25 kilometres from Bologna, to build a new large and ultramodern factory.Because of the experience he had gained with his other companies, he was in a position to set up the best facilities for his purpose: a very functional structure that, at the time, was unrivalled in its field.The enormous and well-let central building was adjacent to the office building, so that the management could constantly monitor the production situation.This was ideal for Lamborghini, who would often roll up his shirtsleeves and go to work on the cars personally when he saw something that wasn't done just the way he wanted.

1964 was an extraordinary year.The 350 GT was born.The immediate and almost inevitable offshoot of the 350 GT, of which 120 were built, was the 400 GT.Its engine was increased to a fourlitre model and it featured the first gearbox designed in-house by Lamborghini.Based initially on the two-seater body, which was later developed into the 400 GT 2+2 with two occasional seats behind the two regular ones, the 400 GT reached the respectable overall production figure of 273 units.

1965-1966

By early 1965 the coupes from Sant'Agata were starting to be noticed.This was the first, great phase of the Lamborghini company, and one of its most prolific and creative periods.Between October 1965 and June 1966, the company presented an astonishing number of new models.

The year was 1967, and Lamborghini could now look towards the future far more optimistically.The flood of orders for the Miura pumped new cash into his company, but above all it generated unparalleled interest and publicity.At least in this, Lamborghini had been right on target: a model like this was destined to overwhelm the minds and souls of all car buffs.Lamborghini thus became a symbolic name in the auto world, the emblem of excess, of going “further”at all costs, of always doing more and better than any rival without preconceptions of conventional limitations.This configuration did not prevent numerous aficionados from buying and appreciating the 400 GT, a serious and mature model by this time, but the Miura gave the company unique prestige.

The changes that were taking place around Lamborghini, however, reflected the social situation around the world, particularly in Italy.Labour unions' unrest in that period created a difficult situation in all factories, particularly at engineering companies in northern Italy, in which the owner's control was openly contested and proper organisation became increasing difficult.For Lamborghini, long accustomed to the direct, sometimes rough, somewhat paternalistic but attentive control of his factories, this new situation became intolerable.In 1972 he sold his majority stake to the Swiss Georges-Henri Rossetti, and the following year he sold his remaining shares to a friend, René Leimer.Thus, the company founder-the man who had been the driving force behind its extraordinary, vital explosion during the first eight years-left the scene for good.

1972-1980

The oil crisis sparked by the 1973 Arab-Israeli War created a climate of fear about petrol supplies.As a result, the big, fuel-guzzling super sports cars rapidly became passé.They were considered the expression of unjustifiable luxury, whose exploitation of too much of our planet's natural resources was no longer acceptable.These were extremist stances that were destined to pass, but at the time they created enormous difficulties for all the makers of this type of car.Given its market position at the top end of the super car segment, Lamborghini was dealt a particularly harsh blow and the company did its best to react.In an attempt to overcome these problems, two new Urraco models were presented.In effect, they were spin-offs of the P250 range: a two-litre model (P200), again with a single camshaft but this time with a lower engine displacement in deference to tax restrictions, and a more powerful and mature 3-litre model (P300), with double overhead camshaft timing system and the power raised to 250 hp.The gradually deteriorating social situation and the drop in sales made it necessary to streamline the production range.

1987-1994

On April23, 1987, Nuova Automobili Lamborghini SpA was taken over by the US Chrysler company.The American owners quickly settled in at Sant'Agata and a period of intense activity began, this time in close collaboration with a major automotive industry.The premises were good, although there were a few false steps at the beginning: the prototype of the Portofino.Production of the Quattrovalvole series stopped in 1988, with a total of 631 units.In the meantime, the company gained experience with composite materials and a special Countach, the Evoluzione, demonstrated the full potential of this project.Weight reduction permitted by these new materials, coupled with a more powerful engine achieved above all using new engine technologies management, offered extraordinary performance.Unfortunately, however, the Evoluzione never went into production.

1994-1998

Chrysler's subsequent sudden decision to sell the Bologna Company to a group of unknown Indonesian investors seems far more difficult to explain.This change of hands became official on January21, 1994, destabilizing the company management.

Lamborghini turned to several top-level carmakers, including Audi, to request their technical collaboration.The initial idea was to ask for the 8-cylinder engine of the A8 flagship to power the future baby Lamborghini, but Audi's technical staff went back to company headquarters in Germany with very positive reports on the status of the company, its newfound good management and the professional level of the development work being done on its cars.

The first letter of intents between Audi and Lamborghini was signed on June12 1998, and the contract for the complete and definitive transfer of all the shares from the last Indonesian shareholder to the German company was completed on July27 of the same year, just 50 days later.

1998-Nowadays

The first major innovation came in 2001 with the successor to the Diablo: the Murciélago.It is almost superfluous to point out that this new model was also named after a famous, fierce fighting bull.The fact that this Spanish word actually means bat only serves to augment the dark, almost nocturnal magnetism of this magnificent new car.Its power has also been boosted to 580 hp, and this obviously increases its speed, muscle and acceleration.What has been augmented above all is the sensation of the overall quality of the car, with a level of finishing touches that is even better than the already excellent results of the last Diablos.Sales have immediately gone well, and Lamborghini can count on selling each one it makes, as these cars are reserved by customers well in advance.

On the occasion of the 2003 Motor Show in Frankfurt Lamborghini showed for the first time a race version of its highly acclaimed super sports car, the Lamborghini Murciélago.Named Murciélago R-GT, Lamborghini was developing the competition car jointly with race experts Reiter Engineering and mother company Audi's sports division, Audi Sport.The new Murciélago R-GT will offer Lamborghini clients a highly competitive car to participate in professional motorsport events on an international level.With the Lamborghini Murciélago R-GT clients can compete in national and international race events such as the European FIA GT Championship or the American LeMans Series in the United States.

In July 2005 it was presented the Special Edition of the Gallardo, the Gallardo SE which was limited to 250 units and was characterized by a two-tone body paint, an even more sporty interior and technical improvement.

2013 marked the 50th anniversary of Lamborghini.The company's history is one of challenges and uncontested records, set by the ambitious talent of its founder Ferruccio Lamborghini, who decided to create the world's most beautiful-and powerful-super sports cars at Sant'Agata Bolognese in Italy's Emilia Romagna region.100 years of innovation in half the time: Lamborghini was born under the sign of the Bull, with a constant view to the future, a desire to achieve the impossible and to make innovative design and technology its signature.Cars like the 350 GT, the Miura, the Countach, the LM 002 and today's Gallardo and Aventador are the perfect embodiment of Lamborghini's future vision.(www.zuozong.com)

strong-willed['strɔŋ'wild]adj.意志坚强的

unexplainable[ʌnɪk'spleɪnəb（ə）l]adj.费解的；无法说明的

extravagance[ik'strævəɡəns]n.奢侈

hazardous['hæzədəs]adj.有危险的；冒险的

兰博基尼汽车有限公司的历史正式开始于 1963 年，创始人是费鲁基欧·兰博基尼。费鲁基欧·兰博基尼出生于 1916 年，具有金牛座的一切特征：能干、果敢、意志坚强。他是公司成立和早期发展的灵魂人物。

1963～1964年

在决定成立豪华跑车制造厂时，费鲁基欧已经非常富有。“二战”结束后，他成立了自己的拖拉机厂，在他的努力下，这家工厂成为行业的主要参考标准。随后，他审时度势，陆续发展其他行业，在五十岁生日之前已经积聚了大量的财富。在他六十岁时，费鲁基欧已经成为拥有巨大影响力的成功人士，他清楚地知道自己想要什么。但是，当他宣布要生产最好的超级跑车时，许多人都觉得他疯了。在当时，生产这类车被视为是一种无法解释的奢侈，是在黑暗中进行危险的跳跃，人们认为他会耗尽他的巨额财富但却得不到回报。

他在 1962 年底开始该项目，到 1963 年 5 月，他已经成立了费鲁基欧·兰博基尼汽车股份有限公司，在距离博洛尼亚 25 公里的圣亚加塔·波隆尼买了一大块地，用来建造大型超现代化工厂。凭借他在运营其他公司得到的经验，他能够根据自己的目标建立最好的设施：在该领域无与伦比的功能性结构。照明良好的巨型中心建筑邻近办公大楼，使管理层能够持续监控生产状况。这非常适合费鲁基欧，当他看到工作没有按照他的预期开展时，他经常会卷起袖子，亲自对汽车进行作业。

1964 年是非常特别的一年。350 GT 正式面世。350 GT（共生产了 120 辆）的直系及近乎必然的分支是 400 GT。它的发动机增大为4升，并具有兰博基尼内部设计的第一款变速箱。400 GT 最初基于双座椅车体构建，后来在原有的座椅后方增加了2个座位，推出 400 GT 2+2，该型号共生产了 273 辆。

1965～1966年

到 1965 年初，来自圣亚加塔的轿车已广受关注。这是兰博基尼公司的第一个里程碑，是它最具创意和多产的阶段之一。从 1965 年 10 月到 1966 年 6 月，公司陆续推出一系列新型号。

这一年是 1967 年，兰博基尼现在可以更乐观地展望未来了。汹涌而至的Miura订单为公司注入了新的资金，但最重要的是，它激发了无与伦比的兴趣和广告效应。至少在这方面，兰博基尼已经实现了目标：这个款式注定要占据汽车发烧友的思想与灵魂。因而，兰博基尼成为汽车世界的代名词，奢华、不惜代价“更进一步”、无视传统限制、始终比对手做得更多更好的标志。该配置并不能阻止无数的发烧友购买和欣赏 400 GT，这是当时非常成熟的主流款式，但 Miura 为公司带来了独特的声望。

然而，兰博基尼周围发生的改变反映了全世界（尤其是意大利）的社会状况。当时的工会罢工使所有工厂面临困境，尤其是意大利北部的工程公司，公司拥有者的管理行为被公开抵制，正常的组织管理日益困难。费鲁基欧一直习惯于对工厂进行直接（有时非常强硬）、略带家长式作风但细致的控制，因此他对这种新状况更难以忍受。1972 年，他将大部分股权卖给了瑞士人 Georges-Henri Rossetti，第二年，他将余下股权卖给了他的朋友 René Leimer。这样，公司的创始人——这个在公司前8年一直推动它做出非凡业绩和爆炸性发展的男人，永远地离开了这家公司。

1972～1980年

1973年阿以战争导致的石油危机引发关于汽油供应的恐慌。结果，大型耗油的超级跑车很快变得过时了。它们被视为无理挥霍的象征，耗费了我们星球太多的自然资源，人们已经无法接受了。这种极端主义的观点虽然会过去，但在当时给这类汽车的所有制造商都造成了极大的困难。由于其在超级跑车市场的领导地位，兰博基尼遭遇的打击尤其沉重，公司做出最大努力回应。为了尝试克服这些问题，公司推出两款新的 Urraco。实际上，它们是 P250 系列的分支：2 升型号（P200），配备单凸轮轴，但发动机排量减少，以应对税收限制；以及动力更强、更成熟的 3 升型号（P300），该型号配备双顶置凸轮轴计时系统，动力提升至 250 匹马力。由于社会环境逐渐恶化和销量下降，必须对生产系列进行精简。

1981～1987年

幸运的是，由于这些汽车极具魅力，其炫耀的名称在当时已经成为一个传奇，再加上 Countach 绝对无与伦比的光环，这都引起了外界对该公司的极大兴趣。公司一开始进行清算便有无数仰慕者争先恐后想要接管。法官将公司委托给了两兄弟，简·克劳德和帕特里克·米勒曼。他们非常富有，在塞内加尔拥有一个糖果帝国。自然，他们是跑车爱好者。两兄弟在其圣亚加塔全权代表埃米尔·诺瓦罗的支持下立即开始重建公司。因此，“诺伐兰博基尼汽车制造公司”于 1981 年元月成立，并从那时开始，所有工作又重新开始了。公司最初的决策之一便是聘请工程师朱里奥·奥菲瑞来担任公司的技术总监，这是一个明智的技术决策。

1987～1994年

1987 年 4 月 23 日，“诺伐兰博基尼汽车制造公司”被美国克莱斯勒公司接管。

这位来自美国的所有者迅速在圣亚加塔安顿下来，并展开了一系列紧张的活动。这次，公司与一个主要汽车制造业开始密切协作。尽管在一开始走了几次弯路，开端依然非常好：Portofino 的原型车诞生了。Quattrovalvole 系列于 1988 年停止生产，总共生产了 631 辆。在此期间，公司获得了关于复合材料的丰富经验，特别版 Countach（即 Evoluzione）也显示出这个项目的巨大潜力。这些新材料使得整体重量得以减少，配合一台采用全新发动机管理技术、功率更强大的发动机，可提供非凡的性能。然而，不幸的是 Evoluzione 一直没有投入生产。

1994～1998年

克莱斯勒随后突然决定把这个博洛尼亚的公司卖给一个不知名的印度尼西亚投资者，这似乎非常难以解释。公司于 1994 年 1 月 21 日正式移交接管权，这动摇了公司的管理。

兰博基尼转而向包括奥迪在内的几位顶级汽车制造商寻求技术合作。兰博基尼最初的想法是请求使用 A8 旗舰车型的 8 缸发动机为“兰博基尼雏形”提供动力，但奥迪的技术人员回到公司德国总部后，对公司的状况、新近发现的良好管理水平和开发跑车的专业水平做出了非常积极的评价。

奥迪与兰博基尼于 1998 年 6 月 12 日签订了第一份意向书，50 天后，即同年 7 月 27 日，最后一位印尼股东同意将所持股份转让给该德国公司，宣告奥迪收购兰博基尼举措的成功完成。

1998 年至今

2001 年，兰博基尼推出被收购后的第一款创新车型，Diablo 的后继型号：Murciélago。无需赘述，该款新车型的名字同样源自一头著名的、英勇善战的公牛。Murciélago 在西班牙语是“蝙蝠”的意思，但这只能增强该豪华大气车型的神秘感和无限的诱惑力。其功率也增加到 580 匹马力，这无疑提高了速度、力量和加速度。最重要的是，跑车的整体质感得到极大的提升，其内饰之精致，甚至超过之前广受好评的 Diablo 系列。Murciélago 的销量大增，由于车辆都是客户提前预订的，兰博基尼可以安心制造，无需担心销售问题。

在 2003 年法兰克福车展上，兰博基尼超级跑车 Murciélago 首次亮相就一炮而红，大受欢迎。赛车 Murciélago R-GT 由兰博基尼与其母公司奥迪的跑车部门 Audi Sport 以及赛车专业公司 Reiter Engineering 三方共同开发而成。新款 Murciélago R-GT 可为兰博基尼客户提供强悍无比的性能，让他们在国际级别的专业赛车活动中尽情驰骋，一决胜负。客户可以驾驭 Murciélago R-GT 参加众多国内外赛事，如国际汽联欧洲锦标赛（European FIA GT Championship）和美国勒芒系列赛（LeMans Series）。

2005年7月，兰博基尼推出Gallardo特别版——Gallardo SE，全球限量发售250辆，其特色在于车身采用双色油漆工艺，同时搭配更具动感地带内饰，技术方面也有较大改进。

2013 年标志着兰博基尼进入其第 50 个年头。该公司的历史是一部由充满雄心，立志打造全世界最美、最强劲的超级跑车的创始人费鲁基欧·兰博基尼在意大利艾米利亚·罗马涅地区的圣亚加塔·波隆尼谱写出的载满挑战与闪亮纪录的史诗。用 50 年的时间完成 100 年的创新：兰博基尼自诞生起即以公牛为标志，始终放眼于未来，力求实现以往不可能的挑战，并专注于其标志性的创新设计和技术。诸如 350 GT、Miura、Countach、LM 002 以及今天的 Gallardo 和 Aventador 等跑车是兰博基尼愿景的完美体现。